VSWR, igihombo cyo kugaruka (RL), ingufu zigaragara, n'imbaraga zoherezwa

Isano iri hagati y'igipimo cy'umuraba uhagaze wa Voltage (VSWR), igihombo cyo kugaruka (RL), imbaraga zigaragara, n'imbaraga zoherezwa bihuzwa binyuze mu gipimo cy'umuraba (Γ). Dore formula n'intambwe z'ingenzi zo guhindura:

### **Formula z'ingenzi**
1. ** Coefficient yo gutekereza (Γ) **:

\ Gamma = \ frac {\ inyandiko {VSWR} - 1} {\ inyandiko {VSWR} + 1}

2. **VSWR** kuva kuri Γ:

\inyandiko{VSWR} = \frac{1 + |\Gamma|}{1 - |\Gamma|}

3. **Igihombo cyo kugaruka (RL)** muri dB:

\inyandiko{RL (dB)} = -20 \log_{10}(|\Gamma|)

4. **Imbaraga zigaragara (%)**:

P_{\text{refl}} = |\Gamma|^2 \inshuro 100\%

5. **Ingufu zoherezwa (%)**:

P_{\text{trans}} = \ibumoso(1 - |\Gamma|^2\iburyo) \inshuro 100\%

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### **Intambwe zo guhindura**
#### **1. Guhera kuri VSWR**:
- Kubara Γ:

\ Gamma = \ frac {\ inyandiko {VSWR} - 1} {\ inyandiko {VSWR} + 1}

- Koresha Γ kugira ngo ubone RL, imbaraga zigaragara, n'imbaraga zoherejwe ukoresheje formula zavuzwe haruguru.

#### **2. Guhera ku Gutakaza Kugaruka (RL muri dB)**:
- Kubara Γ:

|\Gamma| = 10^{-\inyandiko{RL}/20}

- Koresha Γ kugira ngo ubone VSWR, ingufu zigaragara, n'imbaraga zoherezwa.

#### **3. Guhera ku mbaraga zigaragara/zihererekanywa**:
- Kuri **imbaraga zigaragara** (\(P_{\text{refl}}\)):

|\Gamma| = \sqrt{\frac{P_{\text{refl}}}{100}}

- Kuri **ingufu zoherezwa** (\(P_{\text{trans}}\)):

|\Gamma| = \sqrt{1 - \frac{P_{\text{trans}}}{100}}

- Koresha Γ kugira ngo ubare VSWR na RL.

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### **Imbonerahamwe y'Urugero**
| **VSWR** | **Igihombo cyo kugaruka (dB)** | **Ingufu zagaragajwe (%)** | **Ingufu zoherezwa (%)** |
|--------|- ...
| 1.0 | ∞ (Umukino mwiza cyane) | 0% | 100% |
| 1.5 | 14.0 dB | 4% | 96% |
| 2.0 | 9.5 dB | 11.1% | 88.9% |
| 3.0 | 6.0 dB | 25% | 75% |

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### **Inyandiko z'ingenzi**
- A **VSWR ya 1:1** bivuze ko nta reflection (Γ = 0, RL = ∞).
- **VSWR iri hejuru** cyangwa **RL iri hasi** bigaragaza imbaraga nyinshi zigaragara.
- **Ingufu zoherezwa** zongerwa iyo VSWR ≈ 1.

Koresha izi formula kugira ngo uhindure hagati y’ibipimo byo guhuza impedance muri sisitemu za RF.